Senate Pushes for Clear Rules: Digital Commodities vs. Securities in 2025
Lawmakers finally wake up to crypto's regulatory gray zone—two decades late.
The divide that could make or break DeFi
A new Senate bill aims to draw a bright line between digital commodities (think Bitcoin) and investment contracts (hello, SEC lawsuits). The move comes as institutional money floods into crypto while retail traders still gamble on vaporware.
Why this matters now
With 2025's bull run heating up, regulators face pressure to clarify whether that hot new altcoin is a currency... or just an unregistered security waiting to implode. Spoiler: Most are the latter.
The finance jab you expected
Wall Street banks—after years of calling crypto a scam—are now quietly lobbying to define everything as a commodity. Convenient, since they've already stacked their trading desks with Bitcoin ETFs.
Bitcoin and Ether declared digital commodities in new crypto bill
The Senate’s crypto bill classifies Bitcoin and Ether as “digital commodities,” giving the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) full authority to regulate them, a direct jab at former SEC chairman Gary Gensler position while he was in office.
That designation is actually a really big deal for banks and funds that want to MOVE crypto holdings into long-term strategies.
By making this distinction, the Senate Agriculture Committee effectively splits the market into two worlds; regulated and unregulated. Tokens under regulation are expected to attract heavy institutional capital, more liquidity, and larger derivative markets.
Unregulated tokens, on the other hand, will likely face pressure as investors flock to assets with clearer protections.
The bill also forces crypto companies to separate their exchange, brokerage, custody, and trading operations, breaking apart the all-in-one model that’s been the norm in crypto for over a decade now.
The draft also allows the CFTC to work jointly with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to issue new rules for crypto oversight. Cody said, “There’s a lot more power or authority delegated to the CFTC to have jurisdiction over this industry.” This marks a reversal of roles since the SEC had taken the lead for years, edging the CFTC out of the spotlight.
Another section authorizes the CFTC to charge fees from registered crypto entities (such as exchanges, brokers, and dealers) to fund its supervision, registration, and public education duties. It’s a self-funding mechanism that reduces reliance on Congress for oversight money.
The draft also introduces listing standards, requiring that crypto exchanges only allow trading of tokens that are “not readily susceptible to manipulation.” The goal is to protect investors from scams and rug pulls that continue to plague parts of the market.
The Senate Agriculture Committee has clarified that the bill is still a discussion draft, not a final version. Lawmakers plan to gather public and industry feedback in the coming weeks, but Cody admitted it’s “almost impossible to get [a final version] done by the end of the year.”
Key sections, such as anti-money-laundering and decentralized finance (DeFi) rules, are still open for revision.
Keith Grossman, president of MoonPay, said the bipartisan nature of the bill shows that “crypto is a bipartisan issue.” Keith stressed the need for lawmakers to clearly differentiate between centralized and decentralized systems.
This draft will eventually merge with the Senate Banking Committee’s version of the market structure proposal to create a single comprehensive crypto framework.
Craig Salm, Chief Legal Officer at Grayscale, said regulators like the SEC, IRS, and Treasury Department have already made progress by offering new guidance on staking in crypto exchange-traded products.
Craig added that “thoughtful legislation will be critical to solidifying the foundation of the crypto industry in the U. S. and unlocking even greater value for investors and consumers.”
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