How do you test an array?

Excuse me, but could you please elaborate on the process of testing an array? I understand that arrays are commonly used in programming to store multiple values, but I'm curious about the specific steps and considerations one should take when performing tests on them. Are there any common test cases or scenarios that should be prioritized? Additionally, what are some of the potential pitfalls or challenges that one might encounter when testing an array, and how can these be mitigated? Thank you for your time and expertise.