What are the three basic types of gates?

Excuse me, could you elaborate on the three fundamental types of gates that are commonly discussed in the realm of cryptography and blockchain technology? I'm curious to understand how these different types of gates contribute to the security and functionality of digital systems. Are these gates related to the logical operations used in computing, or do they serve a more specialized purpose within the cryptographic landscape? I'd appreciate if you could provide a concise yet comprehensive explanation of each type and its significance.