How much house can I afford if I make $45000 a year?

Could you please elaborate on how one might determine the amount of house they can afford if they earn $45000 annually? Would it involve calculating their debt-to-income ratio, taking into account any existing loans or credit card balances? Additionally, would factors such as down payment savings, closing costs, and potential property taxes play a significant role in the decision-making process? Ultimately, what steps should someone follow to ensure they are making an informed and financially responsible choice when it comes to purchasing a home within their means?