How do you write a proper query?

Could you please enlighten me on the key steps involved in crafting a well-structured query? Are there any specific guidelines or principles that should be adhered to ensure clarity and precision in my request? I'm particularly interested in knowing if there's a standard format or template that professionals in the industry often employ when framing their inquiries. Additionally, how crucial is it to maintain a professional yet conversational tone to engage the recipient effectively? I'm eager to learn more about the nuances that make a query stand out and how to avoid common pitfalls that could hinder its success.