Why was Matera abandoned?

Can you elaborate on the reasons behind the abandonment of Matera? Was it due to economic decline, natural disasters, or perhaps a combination of factors? How did this abandonment impact the city and its residents? Did the government or any other entities make efforts to revive the city? And what measures were taken to ensure that the historic structures and cultural heritage were preserved? Understanding the context and circumstances surrounding the abandonment of Matera would help us gain a deeper insight into its history and the challenges it faced.