Can I carry a bike on a plane?

I'm planning to travel by air and I'm wondering if I can bring my bike along. I understand that airlines have specific rules regarding carry-on and checked baggage, so I'm curious if there are any restrictions on bringing a bicycle on a plane. Are there any size or weight limitations that I should be aware of? Also, do airlines charge extra fees for transporting bicycles, and if so, how much can I expect to pay? Finally, what is the best way to prepare my bike for travel to ensure that it arrives at my destination in good condition?