What are the three types of fuses?

Can you please elaborate on the three distinct types of fuses that exist in the realm of electrical engineering? I'm particularly interested in understanding the unique characteristics and applications of each type, as they play a crucial role in safeguarding electrical circuits from potential hazards. Are there any specific scenarios where one type of fuse might be more suitable than the others? Additionally, how do these fuses function to protect against overloads and short circuits, and what materials are typically used in their construction?