What do the numbers on the back of your social security card mean?

Can you explain to me the significance of the numbers that are printed on the reverse side of a social security card? Are they randomly generated or do they carry some specific meaning? Are there any rules or patterns that govern the assignment of these numbers, and if so, how can one decipher the information they convey? Additionally, are there any privacy concerns associated with these numbers, and what steps should individuals take to protect their social security information?