Can you fly with a bike in a box?

I'm curious, is it possible to travel by air with a bike that's been boxed up? I've heard some airlines have restrictions on the size and weight of luggage, so I'm wondering if there are any specific rules I should be aware of when it comes to transporting a bicycle in this manner. Do I need to make any special arrangements or declarations when checking in, or can I simply show up at the airport with my boxed bike and hope for the best? I'd appreciate any insight you can provide on this matter.