Who gets charged the transaction fee?

I understand that transaction fees are an essential part of the cryptocurrency ecosystem, but I'm a bit confused about who ultimately bears the cost of these fees. Is it the sender, the receiver, or does it depend on the type of transaction? And if it's the sender, do they have any control over how much they pay in fees, or is it predetermined by the network? Could you please clarify who gets charged the transaction fee and any factors that might influence the amount?