How to deodorize a backpack without washing?

Could you please elaborate on the best methods to effectively deodorize a backpack without having to wash it? Are there any specific products or techniques that are particularly effective at eliminating odors, such as using a baking soda and water mixture or leaving it out in the sun? Are there any precautions I should take to avoid damaging the material or any of the contents inside the backpack? Lastly, how often should I consider deodorizing my backpack to maintain its freshness?