Why are prime numbers important in cybersecurity?

Could you explain the significance of prime numbers in the realm of cybersecurity? I'm curious to understand how they contribute to ensuring the safety and integrity of digital transactions and information. Is it because of their unique properties, such as being only divisible by one and themselves? Or is there another reason why they are considered vital in this field? I'd appreciate it if you could elaborate on this topic and provide some examples to help me grasp the concept better.