What are the 4 bosons?

Can you explain to me the concept of bosons and particularly, the four fundamental bosons that are essential to the workings of the universe? I'm curious about how these particles play a role in particle physics and how they differ from other types of particles, such as fermions. I understand that bosons are involved in fundamental forces, but I'm not clear on the specifics of each of the four bosons and their respective roles. Can you elaborate on their properties and significance in our understanding of the universe?