Who pays STT?

Who exactly is responsible for paying the Securities Transfer Tax (STT)? Is it the buyer of the securities, the seller, or both parties involved in the transaction? Are there any exemptions or exceptions to who has to pay the STT? Additionally, how is the STT calculated, and what factors determine the amount that needs to be paid? Understanding the specifics of who pays the STT is crucial for ensuring compliance with relevant regulations and avoiding any potential penalties.