How much does a validator node make?

I'm curious to understand the earning potential of operating a validator node in the cryptocurrency ecosystem. Could you elaborate on the factors that influence the income generated by a validator node, such as the number of tokens staked, the network's reward structure, and any potential penalties for misbehavior? Additionally, is there a general range of earnings that a validator can expect, or does it vary significantly depending on the specific blockchain network and its current state?