Can PHA brighten skin?

I'm curious to know, can PHA actually have a positive impact on brightening skin? Have there been any studies or research conducted that show PHA can effectively lighten skin tone and improve its overall appearance? Is it a SAFE and reliable ingredient to use for this purpose, or are there potential side effects or risks involved? I'm interested in learning more about how PHA works and what sets it apart from other skin brightening ingredients on the market.