How do I identify devices on my network by IP address?

Could you elaborate on the process of identifying devices on a network using IP addresses? I'm curious to understand the steps involved in this process, particularly for those who are not particularly tech-savvy. Would it involve using specific software or commands? Additionally, is there a way to differentiate between different types of devices, such as computers, smartphones, or smart home appliances, based on their IP addresses? Furthermore, how do I ensure the security of my network while performing this task, and are there any potential risks I should be aware of? Thank you for your assistance in clarifying this process.