What technology does IOTA use?

Could you elaborate on the technological foundation of IOTA? I'm particularly interested in understanding the core technology it employs to facilitate its operations. Could you please explain in detail the technological components and advancements that drive IOTA's functionality? Additionally, how does this technology contribute to the uniqueness and scalability of the IOTA network? It would be helpful if you could provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of the technological aspects of IOTA.